The Role Of The Village-Owned Enterprise (Bumdes) In Managing The Reco Kembar Bathing Tourism Destination In Cowek Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency

Abstract

Village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) are expected to manage local economic potential while generating benefits for village communities. This study examines the role of BUMDes in managing the Reco Kembar Bathing Tourism Destination in Cowek Village, Purwodadi District, Pasuruan Regency, and identifies the constraints faced in its implementation. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with the village head, BUMDes director, tourism manager, visitor, and local community representative, while secondary data were collected from institutional documents, visitor records, regulations, and relevant literature. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification using Biddle and Thomas's role theory indicators: expectation, norm, performance, evaluation, and sanction. The findings show that the role of BUMDes has been formally and structurally implemented, but has not been substantively optimal. Stakeholder expectations and role norms are relatively clear; however, performance remains concentrated on basic operations, maintenance, and visitor services. Evaluation is conducted routinely, while sanctions are predominantly implemented through guidance rather than formal consequences. Major constraints include declining visitor numbers, limited human-resource capacity, suboptimal digital promotion, inadequate supporting facilities, and weak formal pressure for measurable improvement. The study recommends strengthening tourism-unit capacity, scheduled digital promotion, gradual facility improvement, and clearer performance accountability.

Keywords: BUMDes, Role Theory, Village Tourism, Tourism Management, Reco Kembar